Infertility is not just a women’s issue. In fact, male factors are involved in up to 50% of infertility cases. Unfortunately, many men don’t realize they could be affected until months—or even years—into trying for a baby. Because male infertility often presents few obvious symptoms, it can go undiagnosed for too long.
If you’re wondering whether it’s time to get a fertility test, this guide outlines the key signs, risk factors, and situations that might warrant a closer look at your reproductive health.
Why Male Fertility Testing Matters
Male infertility is usually related to issues with sperm quantity, quality, or delivery. A simple semen analysis is often enough to diagnose common problems. With early testing, couples can save time, reduce stress, and explore treatment options more effectively.
Key Signs You Might Need a Male Fertility Test
1. You’ve Been Trying to Conceive for 6–12 Months Without Success
The most common sign that something may be wrong is a lack of conception after regular, unprotected sex for a year (or 6 months if your partner is over 35).
Infertility is not always related to the female partner. If pregnancy isn’t happening, both partners should be evaluated—and that includes a semen analysis for you.
2. Low Sex Drive or Decreased Libido
While many factors can affect libido, a sudden or persistent drop in sex drive could be a sign of low testosterone levels or hormonal imbalance—both of which can impair sperm production.
3. Erectile or Ejaculatory Issues
Problems such as:
- Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection
- Delayed ejaculation or premature ejaculation
- Low semen volume or dry orgasms
…may indicate a reproductive disorder or blockage. These issues can affect sperm delivery and make conception more difficult.
4. Pain, Swelling, or Lumps in the Testicles
Unusual sensations or visible changes in your testicles can be signs of:
- Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum)
- Infections
- Cysts or tumors
- Past trauma or torsion
Any of these can affect sperm production or quality. Don’t ignore pain or swelling—see a doctor promptly.
5. A History of Testicular or Groin Injuries
If you’ve had trauma to the groin or surgery involving the testicles, vas deferens, or prostate, you may be at higher risk for fertility issues. These events can cause scarring, blockages, or damage to the sperm-producing tissues.
6. Chronic Health Conditions
Certain medical conditions can reduce male fertility, including:
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Hypertension
- Obesity
- Autoimmune diseases
Even if these are well-managed, they can still affect your hormones or sperm quality.
7. Past STIs or Genital Infections
Untreated sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea can cause scarring or blockages in the reproductive tract. Even non-STI infections, like epididymitis or prostatitis, may damage sperm-producing organs.
8. Exposure to Toxins or Heat
Environmental and lifestyle exposures that may impair fertility include:
- Pesticides, heavy metals, or radiation
- Frequent use of hot tubs or saunas
- Tight underwear or prolonged heat near the groin
- Occupational hazards (e.g., welding, chemical work)
If you work in a high-risk field or use recreational substances, a fertility test is advisable.
9. You’ve Used Anabolic Steroids or Testosterone Supplements
Steroids and hormone replacement therapies (even over-the-counter or “natural” ones) can shut down natural testosterone production, which directly impacts sperm production. Long-term use may result in testicular shrinkage and infertility.
10. You and/or Your Partner Have Had Multiple Miscarriages
Recurrent pregnancy loss can sometimes be linked to sperm DNA fragmentation or chromosomal abnormalities. If your partner has suffered two or more miscarriages, your fertility should be evaluated as part of the process.
What a Male Fertility Test Involves
A male fertility evaluation is quick, simple, and non-invasive. It usually includes:
- Semen analysis (to check sperm count, movement, and shape)
- Hormone testing (e.g., testosterone, FSH, LH)
- Scrotal ultrasound (if a varicocele or other structural issue is suspected)
- Genetic testing (in cases of extremely low or zero sperm count)
Results can help pinpoint the problem and guide next steps.
When to See a Specialist
You should see a fertility specialist or urologist if:
- You’re under 40 and have been trying to conceive for over 12 months
- You’re over 40 and trying for more than 6 months
- You have any of the symptoms or risk factors listed above
- You’re considering sperm preservation before surgery or cancer treatment
Final Thoughts
Male infertility is more common than many think—and often goes undiagnosed for too long. Recognizing the signs early and getting tested can help you and your partner move forward with confidence, clarity, and options.
Don’t wait until frustration sets in. A fertility test is simple, affordable, and informative—and may be the key to starting or growing your family.
